Optimizing drug regimens and supplementation in orthognathic surgery: A comprehensive and practical guide.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to comprehensively review the literature and provide a practical guide for optimizing drug regimens and supplementation related to orthognathic surgery. METHODS: The authors conducted a thorough review of the existing literature, following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Various types of studies except case reports and reviews were included. The study applied specific inclusion criteria, focusing on perioperative and/or postoperative drugs, medications, or supplementation related to orthognathic surgery. RESULTS: This guide included 78 studies on various medications in orthognathic surgery. It encompasses clinical trials, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, prospective and retrospective studies. The topics covered include antibiotics, analgesics, corticosteroids, antiemetics, hemostatic agents, local anesthetics, herbal medicine, and botulinum toxin. Pain and edema control involved specific medications, while local anesthesia utilized ropivacaine and bupivacaine. The guide also discusses mineral and vitamin supplementation. The effectiveness of hemostatic agents and antiemetics was highlighted. CONCLUSION: Pain management, reduced swelling, enhanced wound healing, and faster recovery are among the advantages. In addition to the standard drugs and medications, the inclusion of vitamin and mineral supplements, tranexamic acid, postoperative anesthetic blocks, and preemptive antiemetics is anticipated to offer various benefits in orthognathic surgery, despite the limited available evidence.

Glucose control in diabetes type 2 after oral minor surgery procedures

The aims of this study were to investigate if surgical removal of oral infections foci has effect on metabolic glucose level control 30 days postoperatively, to evaluate post extraction healing and to validate the use of a capillary glucose monitor for glucose level assessment in oral surgery type 2 diabetic outpatients. Material and methods: Twenty type 2 diabetic patients under wetn minor oral surgeries. Capillary and plasma glucose exams were taken from subjects in fasting and 2h post-prandial condition, before aand after oral surgery, in four different clinical recorded. A commercial sel-monitor was used for capillary tests. Data were submitted to statistical analysis (level of significance igual ou menor do que 0.05). Results: Differences in capillary and plasma glucose level between the first visit and 30 days afeter oral surgery were statistically significant (p = 0.014 and p = 0.005). differences between capillary and plasma glucose rate were between 4.48 and 6.5 per cent. wound healing was delayed in eight cases (40 per cent). Conclusion: Infections de3ntal foci removal diminished blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patients. The capillary monitor showed to be adequate to acess immediate glucose level in oral surgery ourpatients

Surgical management of dentigerous cyst and keratocystic odontogenic tumor in children: a conservative approach and 7-year follow-up.

Dentigerous cyst (DC) is one of the most common odontogenic cysts of the jaws and rarely recurs. On the other hand, keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), formerly known as odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), is considered a benign unicystic or multicystic intraosseous neoplasm and one of the most aggressive odontogenic lesions presenting relatively high recurrence rate and a tendency to invade adjacent tissue. Two cases of these odontogenic lesions occurring in children are presented. They were very similar in clinical and radiographic characteristics, and both were treated by marsupialization. The treatment was chosen in order to preserve the associated permanent teeth with complementary orthodontic treatment to direct eruption of the associated permanent teeth. At 7-years of follow-up, none of the cases showed recurrence.

Surgical management of dentigerous cyst and keratocystic odontogenic tumor in children: a conservative approach and 7-year follow-up

Dentigerous cyst (DC) is one of the most common odontogenic cysts of the jaws and rarely recurs. On the other hand, keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), formerly known as odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), is considered a benign unicystic or multicystic intraosseous neoplasm and one of the most aggressive odontogenic lesions presenting relatively high recurrence rate and a tendency to invade adjacent tissue. Two cases of these odontogenic lesions occurring in children are presented. They were very similar in clinical and radiographic characteristics, and both were treated by marsupialization. The treatment was chosen in order to preserve the associated permanent teeth with complementary orthodontic treatment to direct eruption of the associated permanent teeth. At 7-years of follow-up, none of the cases showed recurrence.

Osteonecrose maxilar associada ao uso de bisfosfonatos / Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw

Os bisfosfonatos (BFs) têm sido indicados para o tratamento de doenças do metabolismo ósseo. Atualmente, seu emprego terapêutico aumentou e, com ele, os efeitos adversos, dos quais um dos mais importantes é a indução da osteonecrose dos maxilares, uma complicação de difíceis tratamento e solução. Até o presente, não se sabe ao certo qual é o mecanismo de desenvolvimento da osteonecrose dos maxilares induzida por bisfosfonatos (ONMB), nem qual deve ser o tratamento estabelecido perante essa manifestação. Apesar de a literatura apresentar formas variadas de tratamento, não existe um protocolo definido. Apresentamos uma revisão sobre a ONMB, enfocando sua etiopatogenia e as formas reportadas de tratamento.

Bisphosphonates (BPs) have been used for the management of bone metabolic diseases. Currently their therapeutic use has increased, as also have their adverse effects, one of the most important being the bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), a complication of difficult treatment and solution. Until now, the physiopathology of BRONJ remains unclear, and its treatment is uncertain. Although the literature provides several treatment options, there is no defined protocol. We present a review about BRONJ, focusing on its pathogenesis and its reported forms of treatment.

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Bisphosphonates (BPs) have been used for the management of bone metabolic diseases. Currently their therapeutic use has increased, as also have their adverse effects, one of the most important being the bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), a complication of difficult treatment and solution. Until now, the physiopathology of BRONJ remains unclear, and its treatment is uncertain. Although the literature provides several treatment options, there is no defined protocol. We present a review about BRONJ, focusing on its pathogenesis and its reported forms of treatment.

Ocorrência de acidentes pérfuro-cortantes em um Curso de Odontologia / Accidents cutting and piercing in a School of Dentistry

Objetivo: Avaliar o índice de ocorrências e as características dos acidentes, notificados, envolvendo materiais pérfuro-cortantes em alunos, funcionários e professores, no período entre 2000 e 2005 na Clínica Odontológica da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Métodos: Foi realizado levantamento das fichas de notificações de ocorrências de acidentes, considerando o material que provocou oacidente, o período do dia da ocorrência, a disciplina em que ocorreu e a conduta clínica executada no pronto atendimento. Foram ainda considerados, quando disponíveis, os resultados dos exames laboratoriais do acidentado e do paciente fonte. Resultados: Os dados avaliados mostraram 40 notificações de acidentes, sendo que 39 notificações foram envolvendo alunos de graduação e um funcionário. O instrumento que mais provocou acidente foi a agulha de anestesia e o maior número desses acidentes aconteceu na disciplina de Cirurgia. Entretanto, 50% das fichas não apresentavam as informações completas o que impediu uma avaliação epidemiológica mais apurada. Conclusão: Os dados obtidos permitiram concluir que o índice de ocorrência de acidentes foi extremamente baixo considerando o número de atendimentos clínicos realizados no período e levanta-se a hipótese de que muitos casos não foram notificados.

Objective: To assess the occurrence and characteristics of the reported accidents with perforating-cutting materials involving students, staff and faculty members, between 2000 and 2005 at the Dental Clinic of the School of Dentistry of the University of São Paulo. Methods: A survey of the records of reported occurrences of accidents was made, considering the material that caused the accident, time of day of the occurrence, the discipline in which it occurred, and clinical conduct adopted in the emergency room. When available, the results of the laboratory exams of the accident victim and the source patient were also taken into consideration. Results: The data assessed showed there were 40 accident reports, of which 39 reports involved undergraduate students and 1 staff member. The instrument that caused most accidents was the anesthetic needle and largest number of these accidents occurred in the Surgery discipline. However, 50% of the records did not present complete information, which prevented a more accurate epidemiological assessment. Conclusion: The data obtained led to the conclusion that the rate of accidents is extremely low considering the number of clinical attendances provided in the period and raises the hypothesis that many cases were not reported.

Effects of the unilateral removal and dissection of the masseter muscle on the facial growth of young rats.

This study analyzed the effects of the unilateral removal and dissection of the masseter muscle on the facial growth of young rats. A total of 30 one-month-old Wistar rats were used. Unilateral complete removal of the masseter muscle was performed in the removal group, and detachment followed by repositioning of the masseter muscle was performed in the dissection group, while only surgical access was performed in the sham-operated group. The animals were sacrificed at three months of age. Axial radiographic projections of the skulls and lateral projections of the hemimandibles were taken. Cephalometric evaluations were made and the values obtained were submitted to statistical analyses. In the removal group, there were contour alterations of the angular process, and a significant homolateral difference in the length of the maxilla and a significant bilateral difference in the height of the mandibular body and the length of the mandible were observed. Comparison among groups revealed significance only in the removal group. It was concluded that the experimental removal of the masseter muscle during the growing period in rats induced atrophic changes in the angular process, as well as asymmetry of the maxilla and shortening of the whole mandible.

Effects of the unilateral removal and dissection of the masseter muscle on the facial growth of young rats

This study analyzed the effects of the unilateral removal and dissection of the masseter muscle on the facial growth of young rats. A total of 30 one-month-old Wistar rats were used. Unilateral complete removal of the masseter muscle was performed in the removal group, and detachment followed by repositioning of the masseter muscle was performed in the dissection group, while only surgical access was performed in the sham-operated group. The animals were sacrificed at three months of age. Axial radiographic projections of the skulls and lateral projections of the hemimandibles were taken. Cephalometric evaluations were made and the values obtained were submitted to statistical analyses. In the removal group, there were contour alterations of the angular process, and a significant homolateral difference in the length of the maxilla and a significant bilateral difference in the height of the mandibular body and the length of the mandible were observed. Comparison among groups revealed significance only in the removal group. It was concluded that the experimental removal of the masseter muscle during the growing period in rats induced atrophic changes in the angular process, as well as asymmetry of the maxilla and shortening of the whole mandible.

Clinical, radiological and histological features of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor: case report.

The calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare benign odontogenic neoplasm that accounts for approximately 1% of all odontogenic tumors. Its origin is controversial as well as its true malignant potential. A case of an advanced CEOT associated with an impacted right second molar in the mandible of a young black female patient is presented. Computed tomography imaging, radiographic and pathological findings, surgical patterns, gross anatomy of the lesion and the performed treatment are discussed.

Clinical, radiological and histological features of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor: case report

O tumor odontogênico epitelial calcificante (TOEC) é uma neoplasia odontogênica rara de natureza benigna, representando aproximadamente 1% de todos os tumores odontogênicos. Sua origem é controversa bem como seu potencial de transformação maligna. Esse artigo relata um caso avançado de TOEC associado a um segundo molar direito incluso na mandíbula deuma paciente negra jovem. As imagens de tomografia computadorizada, achados radiográficos e patológicos, padrões cirúrgicos, aspectos anatômicos lesão e o tratamento realizado são discutidos.

Correlação da impactação de terceiros molares com a ausência de dentes / Relationship of third molar impaction with the absence of teeth

A literatura relata que a freqüência de impactação dos terceiros molares vem aumentando na população. Este trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar, por meio de radiografias panorâmicas, o estado de impactação óssea dos terceiros molares com relação a ausência ou não de outros dentes no hemiarco correspondente. Foram incluídas radiografias que apresentassem pelo menos um terceiro molar, que foram classificados em dentes com ou sem impactação óssea, e divididos em: Grupo 1, terceiros molares que apresentavam ausência de um ou mais dentes no seu hemiarco; e Grupo 2, que não apresentavam ausência de dentes. O Grupo 1 também foi subdividido de acordo com o tipo de dente ausente (segundo molar, primeiro molar e pré-molar e/ou dente anterior). Ao total, foram incluídas 802 radiografias com 2.219 terceiros molares. As análises estatísticas dos resultados revelaram que os terceiros molares do Grupo 1 apresentaram menor freqüência de impactação óssea quando comparados aos do Grupo 2. Além disso, foi observado que quanto mais próximo do terceiro molar estava localizada a ausência, maior foi a influência dessa no estado de impactação. Foi possível concluir que a ausência de dentes foi correlacionada à diminuição de impactação dos terceiros molares.

Action of antimicrobial agents on infected odontogenic cysts.

OBJECTIVE: The treatment of choice for odontogenic cysts is surgery, and when the cysts are infected, preoperative antibiotic coverage is needed. However, the diffusion of antibiotics is a matter of controversy because of the low vascularization of the cystic epithelium. The aim of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial action of amoxicillin and metronidazole on infected odontogenic cysts. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Ten odontogenic root cysts were punctured before and after antibiotic treatment in 2 patient groups. Group 1 consisted of 5 patients treated with 500 mg amoxicillin at 6-hour intervals, and group 2 consisted of 5 patients treated with 400 mg metronidazole at 8-hour intervals, for 7 days. After this period, the patients were submitted to surgery for enucleation. The fluid collected was seeded onto culture media for counts of total bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria. RESULTS: The results showed that the amount of bacteria present in the fluid was significantly higher than the amount isolated after antibiotic treatment. Also, most of the microorganisms present in the fluid collected before antibiotic administration were strict anaerobes. CONCLUSIONS: Both antibiotics reduced the number of bacteria in the cystic fluid, showing that they did diffuse into the lesions at sufficient concentrations to exert their antimicrobial action.

Levantamento retrospectivo dos resultados dos exames anatomopatológicos da disciplina de cirurgia da FOUSP-SP / Retrospective study on histopathologic exam results from the discipline of surgery - University of São Paulo

Todo tecido alterado removido durante uma cirurgia deve ser submetido a um exame complementar para seu correto diagnóstico. Esse trabalho realizou um levantamento retrospectivo dos exames anatomopatológicos solicitados pela Disciplina de Cirurgia Odontológica da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, durante um período de 8 anos. Seu objetivo foi avaliar os diagnósticos histológicos estabelecidos e suas características em relação à localização da alteração e aos dados demográficos da população. Seus resultados revelaram um total de 731 laudos, nos quais os diagnósticos histológicos mais freqüentes estavam associados a doenças de origem odontogênica. Os dados demográficos indicaram que a maioria da população atendida pertencia ao gênero feminino (62,3%), eram leucoderma (74,5%) e se encontravam entre a segunda e a terceira década de vida (26,9% e 24,7% respectivamente).

Paradental cyst: case report and review of the literature.

The origin of paradental cysts is related to inflammatory processes, especially pericoronaritis involving impacted or semi-impacted teeth. The authors present a case of paradental cyst related to lower second molar that did not show clinical evidence of inflammatory process. The main aspects related to its classification, diagnosis and clinical characteristics are also discussed.

The influence of handling on the elasticity of addition silicone putties

The handling of vinyl polysiloxane (addition silicone) impression putties with latex gloves is said to interfere with the setting of these impression materials. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of handling techniques on the setting of vinyl polysiloxane impression putties using several types of gloves. The setting of these materials was evaluated by means of an elasticimeter. Four vinyl polysiloxane putty impression materials and five brands of gloves (one made of vinyl, one of synthetic rubber, and three of natural rubber) were studied. Based on the type of glove, they were previously washed or not, and a spatula was used or not for initial mixing (before handmixing). The vinyl, the synthetic and one of the natural rubber gloves did not require the previous washing procedure and/or the use of a spatula for initial mixing. Two other natural rubber gloves - depending on the silicone -, showed satisfactory results only when the initial mixing was performed with a spatula. It was concluded that setting inhibition depends on the kind of vinyl polysiloxane impression material and the kind of gloves used, but when the initial mixing was performed with the spatula this setting inhibition was overcome. The results of this study also showed that it is possible to associate cross-contamination control and satisfactory performance of addition silicone putty materials. When doubts arise from the compatibility between vinyl polysiloxane impression putties and gloves, the initial mixing should be performed with a spatula

The influence of handling on the elasticity of addition silicone putties.

The handling of vinyl polysiloxane (addition silicone) impression putties with latex gloves is said to interfere with the setting of these impression materials. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of handling techniques on the setting of vinyl polysiloxane impression putties using several types of gloves. The setting of these materials was evaluated by means of an elasticimeter. Four vinyl polysiloxane putty impression materials and five brands of gloves (one made of vinyl, one of synthetic rubber, and three of natural rubber) were studied. Based on the type of glove, they were previously washed or not, and a spatula was used or not for initial mixing (before handmixing). The vinyl, the synthetic and one of the natural rubber gloves did not require the previous washing procedure and/or the use of a spatula for initial mixing. Two other natural rubber gloves - depending on the silicone -, showed satisfactory results only when the initial mixing was performed with a spatula. It was concluded that setting inhibition depends on the kind of vinyl polysiloxane impression material and the kind of gloves used, but when the initial mixing was performed with the spatula this setting inhibition was overcome. The results of this study also showed that it is possible to associate cross-contamination control and satisfactory performance of addition silicone putty materials. When doubts arise from the compatibility between vinyl polysiloxane impression putties and gloves, the initial mixing should be performed with a spatula.